Corporate Governance Failures And Scandals In Recent History Accounting Essay

Corporate Governance Failures And Scandals In Recent History Accounting Essay In this essay, we are going to contemplate law, which is one of the most fundamental jurisdictional areas at present. Value will be given to the unraveling of the significant area of company law. One should acknowledge that in the past two centuries, several corporate collapses have overturn the facts in the business world and brought many changes in the corporate field in UK and abroad. In approaching this issue, the government seeks to prevent the repetition of accounting scandals and fraud. It introduces governmental regimes, that will set the framework in the UK corporate system. We are going to examine and analyze the basic legal issues arising with the application of the Combined Code and the UK legislation and whether their usefulness to the objectives of a company, is a fact or whether is a virtual reality. In assessing this question, it is important to state that a good corporate governance is an indispensable demand for a large organization. A corporate governance, is considered to be the framework of rules, relationships, systems and processes within and by which authority is exercised and controlled in corporations, while it encompasses the mechanisms by which companies and those in control, are held to account  [1]  . The main purpose of corporate governance is the facilitation of effective, entrepreneurial and prudent management that will be able to deliver the long-term success of the company  [2]  . The objectives of a company, are achieved through the completion of the procedures of corporate governance principles, that are set out in the Combined Code. Corporate Scandals Corporate governance failures and scandals in recent history, must be taken into account, in order to comprehend the reasons that have led to the creation of the Combined Code. The scandals came into the light involving well-known firms such as Maxwell, that was brought to the attention of the general public for problems associated with the management of pension funds and their security  [3]  . Another major scandal was the Enron scandal, who concerned several parties who gained personal benefits from illegal accounting procedures. In addition, WorldCom corporate scandal was the one where accounting irregularities led the firm to bankruptcy. In Polly peck the owner was accused of fraud because he owed a vast amount of money to investors. BCCI was found guilty of accusations of deception and the laundering of money. An important example which showed the need for an effective system was Parmalat which was similar to Enrons. The former events have highlighted serious shortcoming in worldwide pension legislation, and were behind policy-making throughout the decade  [4]  . Committees These unforeseen corporate scandals gave impetus to governments and regulatory bodies to draft a Code that will guard the future of companies from situations such as these. Several committees were formed, concerning the development of corporate governance which is considered the internal means by which corporations are operated and controlled  [5]  . Initially, the Cadbury  [6]  Committee drafted The Report of the Committee on the Financial Aspects of Corporate Governance which encouraged the firms to alter the structure and responsibilities of the board of directors, to increase the value and effectiveness of the audit and the relationship between the board and shareholders and concerned the responsibilities of institutional shareholders  [7]  . The Cadbury committee was followed by the Greenbury  [8]  committee, where it was acknowledged that the examination of directors remuneration was a necessary demand. The Hampel  [9]  committee that took place in 1998, rev iewed and updated the earlier recommendations by the two previous committees. This Final report emphasized on principles of good governance rather than explicit rule in order to reduce the regulatory burden on companies and avoid box-ticking so as to be flexible enough to be applicable to all companies  [10]  . Furthermore, the Higgs  [11]  and Smith  [12]  Reviews formulated the Combined Code 2002. According to the Higgs Review the effectiveness and independence of non-executive directors are of importance, while with the Smith Review the role of the audit committee is established. Corporate Governance Code 2010 The recommendations and principles of the committees on good corporate governance, have developed the Combined code. The Combined Code was first issued in 1998 and had received many updates since then. The Code that is in effect now is the Corporate Governance Code 2010. The Revised Code sets out standards of good practice in relation to board leadership and effectiveness, remuneration, accountability and relations with shareholders  [13]  . It sets out principles designed to encourage shareholders, non-executive directors and auditors to accept their legal responsibilities and scrutinize the stewardship of companies  [14]  . The Code is considered to be a voluntary code, which applies to an extent in any company that chooses to adhere to it  [15]  . The committees made several recommendations. At first, they recommended that every company should be headed by an effective board, which will be collectively responsible for the success of the company and will provide entrepreneurial leadership, in setting the companys strategic aims  [16]  . In the Code it is mentioned that the board must have a sufficient size where the balance of skills and experience is the appropriate for the requirements of the business  [17]  . Accordingly, it suggested that the responsibilities at the head of the company should be divided between the running of the board and the executive responsibility for the running of the companys business  [18]  . In addition the roles of chairman and chief executive should be divided  [19]  . An illustration that supports this, is the scandals that were created by the Polly Peck, were Asil Nadir the owner abused the power that was in his hands. This is considered to be a distinguished provision and if it is followed then balance of power will take place and similar situation will not be repeated. In the Corporate Governance Code the issue of remuneration is being highlighted. The code provides that the role of the remuneration committee is an integral component for the corporate governance process and companies must go through a formal process in considering the developing policy on executive remuneration  [20]  . It provides that the board should establish a remuneration committee of independent non-executive directors, which should make available its terms of reference, explaining its role and the authority delegated to it by the board  [21]  . The remuneration committee should consult the chairman or the chief executive about their proposals relating to the remuneration of other executive directors  [22]  . In Tyco scandal the chairman along with the chief executive were involved in fraudulent practices that were estimated at the loss of million dollars and were used for personal benefit. Apo4ii The Cadbury Report referred to the important duties and responsibilities of an independent audit committee over the processes of corporate governance. The board should establish an audit committee of at least 3 non-executive directors, each of whom is independent and financially literate  [23]  . The audit committee assists the board in fulfilling its statutory and fiduciary oversight responsibilities relating to the companys financial accounting, reporting and controls  [24]  . The report of the Blue Ribbon Committee on Improving the Effectiveness of Corporate Audit in 1999 pointed out that the audit committee should encourage procedures that promote accountability among the internal auditor, and the outside auditors , ensuring that management properly develops and adheres to a sound system of internal control. An audit committee is designed to provide a level of assurance within the scope of corporate governance. In light of Enron and similar situations, scrutiny of audit c ommittee performance is likely to increase, therefore it is more important than ever to ensure that audit committees are satisfying at least the basic standards of conduct  [25]  . Evaluation of the Corporate Governance Code In the Corporate Governance Code importance needs to be given to the non-executive directors (NEDs). They were introduced by the Combined Code in order to prevent any future corporate governance problems. Each board should have non-executive directors  [26]  . NEDs have a crucial role in the operation of the board as members of a unitary board. In spite their knowledge and skills, they should constructively challenge and help develop proposals on strategy, they should examine the performance of management in meeting agreed goals and objectives and finally satisfy themselves on the integrity of financial information  [27]  . A fundamental quality that a NED needs to posses is independence  [28]  . This had become essential after the Enron and WorldCom scandals, because of the sensitiveness around remuneration, accuracy of financial disclosure and consequence of flawed strategic decisions  [29]  . Being independent means being capable of exercising objective judgment to task where there is a potential conflict of interest  [30]  . The crucial issue is whether NEDs are independent. They are appointed by executives and shareholders and it is accepted that most of them are considered to be from the same background as the executives and therefore to have a more friendly relationship between them. This might affect their performance because if a problem occurs they might overlook it because of the more friendly association. NEDs need to be objective and not to be affected by additional factors. At the beginning, it seemed to be distinctly effective, since they would ensure the directors actions and the company in general, in order not to give impetus to imminent scandals. However, we can state that they are not considered as a great solution since the work is not so effective. Furthermore, the shareholders effective communication needs to be evaluated. According to the principle there should be a dialogue with shareholders based on the mutual understanding of objectives  [31]  . It is considered very essential that the board is given the opportunity to communicate with shareholders. This will achieve a better governance because the aims and scopes of shareholders will be heard and hence comprehended by the board. Shareholders and the board, can have the potential to be each others greatest source of development. Thus, by reinforcing each others opinion will result to great solutions of numerous concerns and this will accomplish better governance strategies. Additionally, a comply or explain basis is used when applying the Code on Corporate Governance. This approach was forwarded by the Cadbury Committee. According to this approach companies were obliged to either indicate whether they achieved to comply with the code in their annual reports or otherwise explain any areas of non-compliance  [32]  . This approach is not considered to be legally binding instead it is voluntary. Companies have the right to choice, yet when they choose not to implement the Code, a rational reason must be given to the shareholders since they are going to be judged by it. The area of non-compliance is not very clear instead it is critical, but there is not an obligation to comply because the Code is not legally enforced. However the Code provides flexibility for those who choose to apply it  [33]  . Therefore this needs to be examined for a more effective work of the Code, nonetheless the comply or explain mechanism can achieve a good governance struct ure . The Code has raised the standards in the field of corporate governance. Through its implementation, it has  become effective for several companies. From the first time it was introduced since now it has received many updates, in order to reach perfection. Nevertheless, the various principles provided by the Code need to be critically observed and improved. It is very important to signify that corporate scandals have been reduced, yet they are not vanished. Regulators need to focus on existing problems and provide major developments of unclear areas of the Code. Conclusion As has been shown, several issues arising from the application of the Combined Code and the legislative framework have been analyzed and embodied in the essay. Their extensive investigation, helped us root out whether the government actions in achieving satisfactory corporate governance procedures, can be established. Consequently, the Combined Code has improved the corporate governance standards, yet there are several inadequate areas that need to be developed. Concurrently, it is essential to justify that in order to promote a good governance, all aspects of the Code need to be effectively welcomed and applied, with both knowledge and awareness of their usefulness, by the corporate system. A combination of the right people at the right place along with the current governance regime, can constitute the vital ingredients that over time, will ensure a successful company.

Poe :: essays research papers

What is the total effect of a story? The total effect of a story is the specific response an author expects to get from his/her readers. In "The Tell-Tale Heart," by Edgar Allen Poe, is complete and total horror. The setting, plot, character and even point of view contribute to this total effect of horror. The setting contributes to this total effect in several different ways. All of the shudders in the house were closed, so no one could see anything from the outside in or the inside out. This was scary because no one ever knew what went on in that house except the old man with the googily eye and the murderer. The house was old and creaky, and, during the midnight hours, was pitch black. This creaky old house is a classic for horror stories and films, so it definitely adds to the total effect. The plot also gives that same feeling of horror. The way the murderer watched the old man night after night, for hours at a time. You got the total effect of horror when he flipped the bed onto the old man, and then chopped him into little tiny pieces and hid him the floorboards. Then the police came to see about a scream that was reported earlier. The man led them through the house, claiming that the old man was out of town for a while. He finally sat down in the exact spot where the old man had been buried under the floorboards. What eventually made the man confess to what he had done when he imagined that he heard the old man's heart beating from under the floorboards. It got louder and louder until finally he thought they(the officers)were just driving him insane and they heard the heart to and they must have heard it until he just jumped up, ripped off the floorboards and said "I did it, I killed him," pointing at the pieces of the man. Characterization is the biggest part of the total effect of horror. The man seemed normal enough, except for the fact that the old man's "vulture eye" made a little crazy. He was very normal, until the "eye" drove him to stalking the man while he was asleep, and then finally killed him. At the beginning of the story, or the end, whichever you would like to call it, it was the beginning, and the end, he kept saying "I'M NOT MAD," it was sort of, well, a psycho thing to say after chopping someone into little pieces and hiding them in the floorboards, that kind of told

The Influence of the Renaissance on English Literature

Introduction: It is difficult to date or define the Renaissance. Etymologically the term, which was first used in England only as late as the nineteenth century, means' â€Å"re-birth†. Broadly speaking, the Renaissance implies that re-awakening of learning which came to Europe in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. The Renaissance was not only an English but a European phenomenon; and basically considered, it signalised a thorough substitution of the medieval habits of thought by new attitudes. The dawn of the Renaissance came first to Italy and a little later to France. To England it came much later, roughly about the beginning of the sixteenth century. As we have said at the outset, it is difficult to date the Renaissance; however, it may be mentioned that in Italy the impact of Greek learning was first felt when after the Turkish conquest of Constantinople the Greek scholars fled and took refuge in Italy carrying with them a vast treasure of ancient Greek literature in manuscript. The study of this literature fired the soul and imagination of the Italy of that time and created a new kind of intellectual and aesthetic culture quite different from that of the Middle Ages. The light of the Renaissance came very slowly to the isolated island of England, so that when it did come in all its brilliance in the sixteenth century, the Renaissance in Italy had already become a spent force. It is difficult to define the Renaissance, but its broad implications in England do not defy discussion. Michelet exaggeratedly calls the Renaissance â€Å"discovery by mankind of himself and of the world. This is, indeed, too sweeping. More correctly we can say that the following are the implications of the Renaissance in England : (a) First, the Renaissance meant the death of mediaeval scholasticism which had for long been keeping human thought in bondage. The schoolmen got themselves entangled in useless controversies and tried to apply the principles of Aristotelean . philosophy t o the doctrines of Christianity, thus giving birth to a vast literature characterised by polemics, casuistry, and sophistry which did not advance man in any way. b) Secondly, it signalised a revolt against spiritual authority-the authority of the Pope. The Reformation, though not part of the revival of learning, was yet a companion movement in England. This defiance of spiritual authority went hand in hand with that of intellectual authority. Renaissance intellectuals distinguished themselves by their flagrant anti-authoritarianism. (c) Thirdly, the Renaissance implied a greater perception of beauty and polish in the Greek and Latin scholars. This beauty and this polish were sought by Renaissance men of letters to be incorporated in their native literature. Further, it meant the birth of a kind of imitative tendency implied in the term â€Å"classicism. † (d) Lastly, the Renaissance marked a change from the theocentric to the homocentric conception of the universe. Human life, pursuits, and even body came to be glorified. â€Å"Human life†, as G. H. Mair observes, â€Å"which the mediaeval Church had taught them [the people] to regard but as a threshold and stepping-stone to eternity, acquired suddenly a new momentousness and value. . The â€Å"otherworldliness† gave place to â€Å"this-worldliness†. Human values came to be recognised as permanent values, and they were sought to be enriched and illumined by the heritage of antiquity. This bred a new kind of paganism and marked the rise of humanism as also, by implication, materialism. Let us now consider the impact of the Renaissance on the va rious departments of English literature. Non-creative Literature: Naturally enough, the first impact of the Renaissance in England was registered by the universities, being the repositories of all learning. Some English scholars, becoming aware of the revival of learning in Italy, went to that country to benefit by it and to examine personally the manuscripts brought there by the fleeing Greek scholars of Constantinople. Prominent among these scholars were William Grocyn (14467-1519), Thomas Linacre (1460-1524), and John Colet (14677-1519). After returning from Italy they organised the teaching of Greek in Oxford. They were such learned and reputed scholars of Greek that Erasmus came all the way from Holland to learn Greek from them. Apart from scholars, the impact of the Renaissance is also; in a measure, to be seen on the work of the educationists of the age. Sir Thomas Elyot (14907-1546) wrote the Governour (1531) which is a treatise on moral philosophy modelled on Italian works and full of the spirit of Roman antiquity. Other educationists were Sir John Cheke (1514-57), Sir Thomas Wilson (1525-81), and Sir Roger Ascham (1515-68). Out of all the educationists the last named is the most important, on account of his Scholemaster published two years after his death. Therein he puts forward his views on the teaching of the classics. His own style is too obviously based upon the ancient Roman writers. â€Å"By turns†, remarks Legouis, â€Å"he imitates Cicero's periods and Seneca's nervous conciseness†. In addition to these well-known educationists must be mentioned the sizable number of now obscure ones—†those many unacknowledged, unknown guides who, in school and University, were teaching men to admire and imitate the masterpieces of antiquity† (Legouis). Prose: The most important prose writers who exhibit well the influence of the Renaissance on English prose are Erasmus, Sir Thomas More, Lyly, and Sidney. The first named was a Dutchman who, as we have already said, came to Oxford to learn Greek. His chief work was The Praise of Folly which is the English translation of his most important work-written in England. It is, according to Tucker Brook, â€Å"the best expression in literature of the attack that the Oxford reformers were making upon the medieval system. † Erasmus wrote this work in 1510 at the house of his friend Sir Thomas More who was executed at the bidding of Henry VIII for his refusal to give up his allegiance to the ‘ Pope. More's famous prose romance Utopia was, in the words of Legouis, â€Å"true prologue to the Renaissance. † It was the first book written by an Englishman which achieved European fame; but it was written in Latin (1516) and only later (1555) was translated into English. Curiously enough, the next work by an English man again to acquire European fame-Bacon's Novum Organwn-was also written originally in Latin. The word â€Å"Utopiaâ €  is from Greek â€Å"ou topos† meaning â€Å"no place†. More's Utopia is an imaginary island which is the habitat of an ideal republic. By the picture of the ideal state is implied a kind of social criticism of contemporary England. More's indebtedness to Plato's Republic is quite obvious. However, More seems also to be indebted to the then recent discoveries of the explorers and navigators-like Columbus and Vasco da Gama who were mostly of Spanish and Portuguese nationalities. In Utopia, More discredits mediaevalism in all its implications and exalts the ancient Greek culture. Legouis observes about this work : â€Å"The Utopians are in revolt against the spirit of chivalry : they hate warfare and despise soldiers. Communism is the law of the land; all are workers for only a limited number of hours. Life should be pleasant for all; asceticism is condemned. More relies on the goodness of human nature, and intones a hymn to the glory of the senses which reveal nature's wonders. In Utopia all religions are authorized, and tolerance is the law. Scholasticism is scoffed at, and Greek philosophy preferred to that of Rome. From one end to the other of the book More reverses medieval beliefs. † More's Utopia created a new genre in which can be classed such works as Bacon's The New Atlantis (1626), Samuel Butler's Erewhon (1872), W. H. Mallock's The New Republic (1877), Richard Jefferies' After London (1885), W. H. Hudson's The Crystal Age (1887), William Morris† News from Nowhere, and H. G. Well's A Modern Utopia (1905). Passing on to the prose writers of the Elizabethan age-the age of the flowering of the Renaissance-we find them markedly influenced both in their style and thought-content by the revival of the antique classical learning. Sidney in Arcadia, Lyly in Euphues, and Hooker in The Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity write an English which is away from the language of common speech, and is either too heavily laden—as in the case of Sidney and Lyly-with bits of classical finery, or modelled on Latin syntax, as in the case of Hooker. Cicero ? eemed to these writers a verv obvious and respectable model. Bacon, however, in his sententiousness and cogency comes near Tacitus and turns away from the prolixity, diffuseness, and ornamentation associated with Ciceronian prose. Further, in his own career and his Essays, Bacon stands as a representative of the materialistic, Machiavellian facet of the Renaissance, particularly of Renaissance Italy. He combines in himself the dispassionate pursuit of truth and the keen desire for material advance. Poetry: Sir Thomas Wyatt (1503-42) and the Earl of Surrey (15177-47) were pioneers of the new poetry in England. After Chaucer the spirit of English poetry had slumbered for upward of a century. The change in pronunciation in the fifteenth century had created a lot of confusion in prosody which in the practice of such important poets as Lydgate and Skelton had been reduced to a mockery. â€Å"The revival†, as Legoius says, â€Å"was an uphill task; verse had to be drawn from the languor to which it had sunk in Stephen Hawes, and from the disorder in which a Skelton had plunged it; all had to e done anew†. It was Wyatt and Surrey who came forward to do it. As Mair puts it, it is with â€Å"these two courtiers that the modern English poetry begins. † Though they wrote much earlier, it was only in 1557, a year before Elizabeth's coronation, that their work was published in Tottel's Miscellany which is, according to G. H. Mair, â€Å"one of the landmarks of English literatu re. † Of the two, Wyatt had travelled extensively in Italy and France and had come under the spell of Italian Renaissance. It must be remembered that the work of Wyatt and Surrey does not reflect the impact of the Rome of antiquity alone,. but also that of modern Italy. So far as versification is concerned, Wyatt and Surrey imported into England various new Italian metrical patterns. Moreover, they gave English poetry a new sense of grace, dignity, delicacy, and harmony which was found by them lacking iil the works of Chaucer and the Chaucerians alike. Further, they Were highly influenced by the love poetry of Petrarch and they did their best to imitate it. Petrarch's love poetry is of the courtly kind, in which the pining lover is shown as a â€Å"servant† of his mistress with his heart tempest-tossed by her neglect and his mood varying according to her absence or presence. There is much of idealism, if not downright artificiality, in this kind of love poetry. It goes to the credit of Wyatt to have introduced the sonnet into English literature, and of Surrey to have first written blank verse. Both the sonnet and blank verse were later to be practised by a vast number of the best English poets. According to David Daiches. Wyatt's sonnets represent one of the most interesting movements toward metrical discipline to be found in English literary history. † Though in his sonnets he did not employ regular iambic pentameters yet he created a sense of discipline among the poets of his times who had forgotten the lesson and example of Chaucer and, like Skelton, were writing â€Å"ragged† and â€Å"jagged† lines which jarred so unpleasantly upon the ear. As Tillyard puts it, Wyatt â€Å"let the Renaissance into English verse† by importing Italian and French patterns of sentiment as well as versification. He wrote in all thirty-two sonnets out of which seventeen are adaptations of Petrarch. Most of them (twenty-eight) have the rhyme-scheme of Petarch's sonnets; that is, each has the octave a bbaabba and twenty-six out of these twenty-eight have the c d d c e e sestet. Only in the last three he comes near what is called the Shakespearean formula, that is, three quatrains and a couplet. In the thirtieth sonnet he exactly produced it; this sonnet rhymes a b a b, a b a b, a b a b, c c. Surrey wrote about fifteen or sixteen sonnets out of which ten use the Shakespearean formula which was. to enjoy the greatest popularity among the sonneteers of the sixteenth century. Surrey's work is characterised by . exquisite grace and tenderness which we find missing from that of Wyatt. Moreover, he is a better craftsman and gives greater harmony to his poetry. Surrey employed blank verse in his translation of the fourth book of The Aeneid, the work which was first translated into English verse by Gavin Douglas a generation earlier, but in heroic couplets. Drama: The revival of ancient classical learning scored its first clear impact on English drama in the middle of the sixteenth century. Previous to this impact there had been a pretty vigorous native tradition of drama, particularly comedy. This tradition had its origin in the liturgical drama and had progressed through the miracle and the mystery, and later the morality, to the interlude. John Heywood had written quite a few vigorous interludes, but they were altogether different in tone, spirit, and purpose from the Greek and Roman drama of antiquity. The first English regular tragedy Gorboduc (written by Sackville and Norton, and first acted in 1562) and comedy Ralph Roister Doister (written about 1550 by Nicholas Udall) were very much imitations of classical tragedy and comedy. It is interesting to note that English dramatists came not under the spell of the ancient Greek dramatists â€Å"(Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides, the tragedy writers, and Aristophanes, the comedy writer) but the Roman dramatists (Seneca, the tragedy writer, and Plautus and. Terence! the comedv writers). It was indeed unfortunate, as Greek drama is vastly superior to Roman drama. Gpfboduc is a s'avish imitation of Senecan tragedy and has all its features without much of its life. Like Senecan tragedy it has revenge as the tragic —otive, has most of its important incidents (mostly murders) narrated on the -stage by messengers, has much of rhetoric and verbose declamation, has a ghost among its dramatis personae, and so forth. ‘. â€Å". is indeed a good instance of the â€Å"blood and thunder† kind' of tragedy. Ralph Roister Doister is modelled upon Plautus and Terence. It is based on the stupid endeavours of the hero for winning the love of a married woman. There is the cunning, merry slave-Matthew Merrygreek-a descendant of the Plautine slave who serves as the motive power which keeps the play going. Later on, the â€Å"University Wits† struck a note of independence in their dramatic work. They refused to copy Roman drama as slavishly as the writers of Gorboduc and Roister Doister. Even so, their plays are not free from the impact of the Renaissance; rather they show it as amply, though not in the same way. In their imagination they were all fired by the new literature which showed them new dimensions of human capability. They were humanists through and through. All of them—Lyly, Greene, Peele, Nashe, Lodge, Marlowe, and Kyd-show in their dramatic work not, of course, a slavish tendency to ape the ancients but a chemical action of Renaissance learning on the native genius fired by the enthusiasm of discovery and aspiration so typical of the Elizabethan age. In this respect Marlowe stands in the fore-front of the University Wits. Rightly has he been called â€Å"the true child of the Renaissance†.

Technologys Control Over Society Illustrated in Aldus...

Technology is defined as using the entire body of science, methods, and materials to achieve an end. In the novel, technology is used to control the life of everyday people to develop new ones. The author Aldus Huxley set the world in the future where everything is being controlled by technology. Even the new born are controlled way before they were born. This is a scary society because everything is being controlled even before someone is born, in a test tube, where they get to be determine of what class they are going to belong, how they are going to look like and beyond. Therefore, the society of Brave new world, is being controlled by society from the very start. The society of Brave New World has gained the knowledge to produce†¦show more content†¦We slacken off the circulation when theyre right way up, so that theyre half starved, and double the flow of surrogate when theyre upside down. They learn to associate topsy-turvydom with being well-being. These procedures would be considered morally incorrect today, however, in the future the lack of ethics allows this to be a normal procedure. Each of the characters in Brave New World lacks an important human characteristic, individuality. I feel individuality is one of the most important things that defines us as humans, we were each created differently, and, like a snow flake, no two people are alike. In the future, due to the advent of genetic engineering, up to 17 thousand babies can be made from a single fertilized egg. Each person has their identity programmed in thedecanting room. Each life has a predestined path that has been determined forthem, robot slaves working for society and gain, no different than the skilled barbarians of Eddys warning. I feel that Eddys beliefs are supported by Huxleys novel Brave New World. Without humanities, Huxleys future thought only of the end and not of the means, there was no concern for life and each life lacked individuality. I think the most unnerving part of this is I see many similarities between Brave New World and the present and todays social tendencies. That is the main difference in the world of today and before. Finally, in the novel Brave New

Medical Marijuana Should Be Legal - 1051 Words

The term medical marijuana refers to the using the whole unprocessed marijuana plant or its basic extracts to treat a disease or symptom. But how can you really help? Medical marijuana may help stop the growth of blood vessels that feed cancerous tumors. And what I am currently researching is how medical marijuana can help treat illnesses. For medical marijuana we basically use THC and CBD both or cannabinoids that are in the marijuana plant. For THC it increases appetite and reduces nausea. THC me also decrease pain inflammation and muscle control problems. Also a cannabinoid known as CBD may be useful in reducing pain and inflammation controlling seizures. But overall marijuana isn t just a fun thing to use it is something more special it s something that people with medical issues can use to help treat their illness. Many countries have approved a mouth spray containing THC and CBD both us particles that are in the marijuana plant. Which is also used in medical marijuana research. The FDA still have not approved the medical marijuana plant which we use to help treat illnesses. Also the FDA uses THC and CBD which is in the marijuana plant. THC increases appetite and reduces nausea. The FDA-approved THC-based medications are used for these purposes. THC may also decrease pain, inflammation (swelling and redness), and muscle control problems. Of course there s always a government company that stops the drug from going into the market and that is the FDA, the FDA is aShow MoreRelatedMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal904 Words   |  4 PagesMedical Marijuana Although marijuana is illegal and lacks FDA approval it should be used to treat cancer. Opponents of medical marijuana argue that it is too dangerous to use, lacks FDA approval, and that various legal drugs make marijuana use unnecessary. They believe marijuana is addictive, leads to harder drug use, and injures the lungs, immune system, and brain. They also believe that medical marijuana is a front for drug legalization and recreational use. Benefit that it is isn’t a great treatmentRead MoreShould Medical Marijuana Be Legal?1249 Words   |  5 PagesMarch 1, 2017 Medical Marijuana Informative Unless you ve been living under a rock, you have probably at some point in the last few years had a conversation with a friend or family member regarding medical marijuana. Although it is considered a controversial topic, in recent months it has been gaining approval by the public. But it does not come without opposition and arguments. Medical marijuana is a complex subject and still requires more education for the public, the medical community, and theRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal1477 Words   |  6 Pagesacross the nation believe that medical marijuana can provide a variety of benefits ranging from pain relief to increasing appetite. Others won’t provide the drug to patients until more significant evidence is presented. The drug has been a topic of debate for many years, but one thing that researchers can always count on is a growing library of testimonials from patients who have legally experimented with the drug to manage their conditions. As it stands, mari juana has had a different impact in eachRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal1651 Words   |  7 Pagesmost commonly referred to as marijuana. Medical marijuana refers to the use of cannabis and its cannabinoids to treat disease or improve symptoms (Wikipedia.com). Cannabis contains two active ingredients inside called cannabinoids (CBD) along with the delta-g-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The medicinal and psychoactive effects that personally associate with marijuana are caused by unique structures of cannabinoids. In addition, the major psychoactive ingredient in marijuana is THC, which additionallyRead MoreShould Medical Marijuana Be Legal?1778 Words   |  8 Pagesusing medical marijuana for chronic pain outweigh the risks? Medical Marijuana is a topic we have all heard a couple of times in the past years. It has been a debatable topic since there seems to be a lot of opinions on what should be and shouldn’t be legal. Some say its benefits outweigh anything else, and some others state that there is a hazard involved with this drug. There are studies on both sides of the question that demonstrate what appear to be clear benefits for medical marijuana, asRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal1545 Words   |  7 Pagesmedicinal utility of marijuana. However, the federal government opposes passing legislation that would legalize medical marijuana because of its potential to be abused or unregulated. The states are continuously challenging the federal government causing complications in legislation in regards to medical marijuana. Because of its history of medicinal properties and accumulating amounts of state and local legislation, the federal government should decriminalize medical marijuana an d legalize its useRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal1053 Words   |  5 PagesMedical marijuana, also called cannabis, is used in some places as a medication to treat diseases and symptoms. Many people consider it helpful and harmless making it the most used illicit drug in North America. With legalizing medical marijuana people can alleviate some health problems and help ease physical pain, but it also can bring many concerns, questions, and responsibility. Legalizing cannabis can help many people with their health conditions. There are some advantages to taking medicalRead MoreShould Medical Marijuana Be Legal?1591 Words   |  7 Pagesdebated topic on marijuana legalization is widely argued. Whether it’s for medical or recreational usages, this topic is reaching boiling point. The complicity on the legalities of marijuana has reached a point in society where legal usage has been popping up across the country. In the medical sector, studies have shown benefits, and harmful effects in patients. Some physicians support, however some physicians do see health concerns that influence their stance on whether medical marijuana laws are toRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal897 Words   |  4 PagesMedical Cannabis Weed Cannabis, also known as Marijuana has many effects to it. In recent years officials have decided that it should be used for medical usage. They have found out that it helps many medical conditions. Medical cannabis has many things that could cure. Studies has shown that it slows the response time in the synapses in the brain it helps the brain heal. For example if someone was in a bad wreck it allows the brain to eventually heal. Because it is unlike other prescribed drugs weedRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal860 Words   |  4 Pagesthat medical marijuana might be useful in reducing this pressure. Marijuana has also became a common sight in the medicine cabinets of patients suffering from HIV/AIDS and many different forms of cancer. Cannabis consumptions has been known for its ability to stimulate appetite commonly referred to as â€Å"getting the munchies.† Medical marijuana can successfully benefit its patients with HIV or cancer by helping generate an appetite through the use of plant. Researchers have shown that medical cannabis

Analysis Of The Movie Fireproof By Alex Kendrick

Making decisions can be hard for someone, especially when this entails big changes in personal or professional life. Marriage is one of those huge stages in life in which two people are joined together in a conjugal partnership. Marriage is meant to last forever and as people tend to say when repeating their conjugal vows: â€Å"to have and to hold from this day forward; for better or for worse; for richer, for poorer; in sickness and in health; to love and to cherish from this day forward until death do us part. As much as we want this to be lived in happiness, marriage can sometimes face adversity. Adversity in marriage can be caused by miscommunication, loss of intimacy, stress or even addictions within the couple. The movie â€Å"Fireproof† directed by Alex Kendrick portrays a married couple going through the forthcoming specter of divorce and the difficulty it takes to overcome the challenges in order to save the marriage. The particular issue that I will be addressing i s the coexistence of good and evil that can take you to either to choose the right track in life, or to make different decisions that can lead you to live a miserable life, such as going through a divorce. When trying to decide which path to take in life, it is always important to consider other people’s experience regarding the topic of concern. Older men have more experience and are good advisors when mentoring younger men. There are many reasons on why people decide to go through a divorce. In many cases,

Kathak and Its Integral Parts Essay Example For Students

Kathak and Its Integral Parts Essay Kathy which is a major classical dance forms of North India literally means a story-teller or Astrakhan. In ancient India, there were Astrakhan or bards who used to recite religious and mythological tales to the accompaniment music, mime and dance. These rhapsodies and minstrels were associated with temples and shrines. Their particular dance-forms, which had its origin in simple story-telling, later came to be known as Kathy. Kathy is danced by both men and women. A Kathy dancer is not required strictly to adhere to fixed steps and stages in a fixed order. He or she can change the sequence Of stages to suit his or her aptitude and style of dancing. There is a sort of contest during the performance in which the drummer plays and weaves a complex design which in turn is danced by the dancer, specially in the which is technically known as jag dickhead. It is a kind of friendly challenge and competition between the two full of innovations and improvisations. Kathy, which originated in northern India, represents one of the eight forms of Indian classical dances. The name Kathy has been derived from the Sanskrit word Kathy, meaning story. Thus, Kathy means the one who tells a story. Kathy focuses more on the footwork of the anger, The movements are skillfully controlled and performed straight-legged, by dancers wearing the ankle bells (gunrooms). The costumes and themes of Kathy are often similar to those in McHugh miniature paintings. History Initially, dancers known as swastikas used to perform in village squares and temple courtyards across the country, unfolding mythological and moral tales from the ancient scriptures. They used to support their recitals vivid hand gestures and facial expressions. Music and dance were used by them to illuminate the story and to enliven it up. With time, this dance took the form of Statesmanship and Hardhat in southern India and came to be known as Kathy in the north. Kathy faced a drastic transition due to the influence of McHugh dance and music. In fact, it is believed to have gone through its greatest transformation around 15th century. Primarily a temple ritual, the dance form later changed to fit royal court entertainment, mainly due to the Persian and McHugh influences. The astrakhan developed a style for pure entertainment of the emperors. After the decline of McHugh Empire, these performers were patronized by other kings, such as those in Restaurants and other minor princely states, Costume Female Costume Sari is the traditional costume for women in Kathy. It can be worn either in an everyday style, or tied up to allow greater freedom of movement during dance. However, more commonly, length-chili is worn by women dancers, with an optional Odin or veil. Then, there is the McHugh costume, which consists of an angora, with tight fitting above the waist and the skirt portion explicitly cut on the round, to enhance the flare Of the lower half during turns. The legs are covered by the churchyard. Peaked cap, band or small waistcoat and a belt made of sari or precious stones are the optional accessories. Male Costume Talking about the traditional costume for men, in the classical dance of Kathy, they go bare-cheated. Below the waist is the dhoti, which is usually tied in the Bengali style. The dhoti is tied with many pleats and a fan finish is given to one of the ends. The McHugh costume for Kathy comprises of Kurt. Churchyard. The Kurt can he a simple one and is at least knee-length, Men may wear an angora as well and also have an option of wearing band. Their optional accessories include the small peaked cap, Shunning Shunning (or gunrooms) forms an important constituent of the Kathy dance. It comprises of small bells that are tied around the ankles off Kathy dancer, The Kathy bells are different from those used in other Indian classical dance styles, as they are not affixed to a pad or strip of leather. Rather, they are individually woven along a thick string. Elements Kathy is the beautiful result Of the Hindu and Muslim cultures. It embodies and reflects the dance characteristics of both the cultures. Drama, mood and sentiment and pure dance technique comprise Of the three main aspects Of this dance style. The elements of Kathy include linear and circular extensions of the odd, controlled hand and body movements and intricate, rhythmic footwork and fast pirouettes. These elements, when combined with a dancers divine and spiritual state, make it one of the most ministering dance forms in the world. In the Indian culture, classical dance has a lot efficiencies. It is not merely meant for entertaining oneself, but it serves as a fabulous way to express the innate feelings of heart. It is one of the best means to get connected to God. The theoretical aspect related to Indian classical dance can be traced back during the period of Natty Strata of Barbara Mini (400 C). In the ancient times, dance as performed to appease the deities and was considered a vital element of spirituality. Dance performances took place inside the sanctum of the temple. As per the scriptures, this dance form was referred to as Gamma Martina, Classical dances of India also found their way in the royal courts and they were popularly known as Caretaker. There are numerous classical dancers, who have established a niche for themselves in this creative field. They have made an incredible contribution in popularizing the varied dance forms of India abroad, Manlike Sarah She is a well known Occupied and Permanently dancer of India. She is the daughter Of renowned artists. Her mother is a great dancer and father is a famous scientist. Well, eve are talking about the celebrated dancer Manlike Sarah- In this article, we Will present you With the biography Of Manlike Sarah. Savannah Nary maestro of Kathy dance, she is a well known name that appears on the top in the list of eminent classical dancers of India. Her wonderful performances have left the people awestruck. Her teacher is none other than the famous Birds Maharaja. Well, we are talking about the great Indian Kathy dancer Savannah Nary. Sonar Amassing An eminent Indian classical dancer, she is the maestro of Odious dance form. She is also proficient in performing other dance forms such as Occupied, Probationary and Chaw, Well, we are talking about the great Indian dancer Sonar Amassing, who has made Indians proud. In this article, we will present you with the biography of Odious dancer Sonar Amassing, one of the most prominent dancers of India. Yemeni Garnishments Born in the year 1940 to a Deluge family at Academician in Attainable, Yemeni Garnishments is an eminent Probationary dancer, who has swayed the entire country With her fabulous dance performance. She is also well known for her Occupied dance style. When she was five years old, she started learning Probationary dance from the Saltshaker School Of Dance in Achaean. Birds Maharaja Bandit Birds Maharaja is a legendary Kathy dancer. He belongs an illustrious family of dance masters of the Locknut agrarian. His tuft uncles Shaman and Laugh Maharaja, and his father Cancan Maharaja were all well-known Kathy dancers. Apart from Kathy, Bandit Birds Maharaja is also an accomplished vocalist, This dance form traces its origins to the the nomadic hard of ancient northern India, known as Stalks, or story tellers. These bards, performing in village squares and temple courtyards, mostly specialized in recounting mythological and moral tales from the scriptures, and embellished their recitals with hand gestures and facial expressions. It was quintessential theatre, using instrumental and vocal music along with stylized gestures, to enliven the stories. With the advent of McHugh culture, Kathy became a sophisticated chamber art Patronized by art loving rulers, the practitioners of Kathy worked at refining its dramatic and rhythmic aspects, delighting elite audiences with their mastery over rhythm and the stylized mime. The technique of Kathy today is characterized by fast rhythmic footwork set to complex time cycles. The footwork is matched by the accompanying percussion instruments such as table and pajama, and the dancer and percussionists often indulge in a virtuoso display Of rhythmic wizardry-The dance movements include numerous pirouettes executed at lightning speed and ending in Statuesque poses. The interpretative portion, based on tales Of Radar and Krishna and other mythological lore, contains subtle gestures and facial expressions. Locknut, Bananas and Jasper are recognized as the three schools, r agrarian, where this art was nurtured and where the interpretative and rhythmic aspects were refined too high standard. Southwestern Eurpean Nationalism EssayThe environment Of the North Indian McHugh courts caused a shift in focus for Kathy, from a purely religious art form to court entertainment. Dancers imported from the Middle East spread their ideas to Kathy dancers, as they borrowed ideas from Kathy to implement in their own dance. Kathy absorbed he new input, adapting it until it became an integral part of its own vocabulary. Kathy began to shift away from other traditional Indian dances, such as Permanently, The deem-Pl stance of most other Indian dance forms gave way to straight legs taken from the Persian dancers. To emphasize the flamboyant and elaborate rhythmic footwork as many as 150 ankle hells on each leg were worn. It was also during this period that the signature charka (spins) to Kathy were introduced, possibly influenced by the so-called whirling dervishes. The straight-legged position gave a new vitality to the footwork, which wove recursive rhythms in its own right, whether together with or in complement to the table or pajama. His stage, the varied influences had introduced great flexibility into Kathy in terms of presentation and narrative dance. As it moved away from the temple through folk dances to the court, it gathered many accretions of the themes on which the narrative dance could treat, resulting in a broader catchments of material for binary pieces, and a less stylized and slightly informal presentation style which often incorporated improvisation and suggestions from the courtly audience. The fusion of cultures developed Kathy in a singular manner, but although it was by now substantially different from the other Indian dance forms, the roots of the style remained the same, and as such it still displays a consanguinity With the Others, particularly in the hand- formations during story-telling, and some of the body-postures. For example the training position, which is common to most Indian dance forms. Later court influences Many specific emperors contributed to the growth and the development of Kathy into different agrarian, or schools of dance, named after the cities in which they developed. The Nava of Duh, Hajji All Shah, not only enjoyed giving patronage to dancers, but danced himself, taught by Durra Parkas. He himself choreographed a dance, Arras, that he danced himself with the ladies to his court. He brought teachers to his palaces, aiding the expansion of technical vocabulary, and formed the basis of the Locknut agrarian, emphasizing sensuous, expressive emotion. The Locknut agrarian placed emphasis on the binary and natty elements or expression qualities of the dancing; it was famed for its subtlety and grace (mazurka). This contrasted sharply with the Jasper Harlan, which became renowned for highly intricate and complex footwork, and fast, sharp, and accurate dancing. Even after the Moguls, courts in Restaurants enjoyed Kathy as a sophisticated art form, fostering the growth of the Jasper agrarian. The Bananas agrarian was also created in this time. During this period, Kathy was also extensively performed by taffies, vivo themselves developed the art in parallel to its refinement in court. They frequently performed binary on lighter classical music of such as drag, karri and tap as well as thumper. Given the taffies environment, their performance Tyler of Kathy also differed from the court style, involving more of what in Kathy is termed Nashua (mischievous playfulness). As the dance teachers Of these taffies were also often the dance teachers of the court dancers, there was a fairly free interchange of ideas between the two milieus, and this helped consolidate the repertoire of Kathy. During the Raja The advent of British Rule in India sent Kathy into sharp decline. The Victorian administrators publicly pronounced tit base and unlovely form of entertainment, despite often privately enjoying the pleasures of the tiff. Indeed, by associating Kathy solely with the awaits and then associating the taffies with out-and-out prostitution, Kathy acquired an unwholesome image: the entirely British concept of nuthatch. Kathy was, to Victorian eyes, an entertainment designed solely for the purposes of seduction, During these times of cultural hardship, the role of the taffies in preserving the art forms should not be underestimated. Famous taffies such as Chart Jan were instrumental in the maintenance and continuation of Kathy, even as it was officially denigrated by the prevailing political opinion. Edit] Today Today, Kathy has regained its popularity after the period Of decline during the rule of the British Empire (where avgas frowned upon by Victorian administrators), and it is now one Of the eight Officially sanctioned classical dance forms of India. Steaks current form is a synthesis of all the input it has had in the past: court and romantic aspects sit comfortably side-by-side With the temple and mythological/religious. The work of the Maharaja family of dancers (Cancan Maharaja, Shamble Maharaja, Laugh Maharaja and one of the great current dancers still alive today. Birds Maharaja) and his students including Static Seen have been very successful in spreading the popularity of Kathy. Another disciple of Cancan Maharaja is Sitar Divide, daughter of Shushed Maharaja of Bananas. Her lively, zestful and fiery performances have impressed many audiences. Shamble Maharaja also trained SMS. Jumping Alkali, who, along with Birds Maharaja, has introduced the relative innovation of multi-person choreographers in Kathy, which was traditionally a 5010 dance form. She has gained a strong reputation tort combining purely classical movements and surely with distinctly contemporary use of space. Edit] Agrarian Because of the linear nature of the passing of knowledge from guru to sashay, certain stylistic and technical features began to fossils and became hallmarks of a particular school, guru or group of teachers. The different styles are known as agrarian, and these are: Locknut Agrarian The Locknut Agrarian developed in the courts of the Nab of Duh in Locknut, Attar Pradesh. It particularly emphasizes grace, elegance and naturalness in the dance. Binary or expression acting. Especially improvised, plays a very strong role in this style, and brothers, Cancan Maharaja, Laugh Maharaja, Shamble Maharaja and their nephew Birds Maharaja from Locknut agrarian, are or were all famed for the naturalness of and innovativeness of their binary. Jasper Agrarian The Jasper Agrarian developed in the courts Of the Chihuahua kings of Jasper in Restaurants. Importance is placed on the more technical aspects of dance. Such as complex and powerful footwork, multiple spins, and complicated compositions in different atlas. There is also a greater incorporation of compositions from the pajama, such as Paras. Bananas Agrarian The Bananas Agrarian was developed by Sandpipers. It is characterized by the exclusive use of the antiwar or dance Bibb, which are different from the table and the pajama bolls. There are differences in the that and takers, and charka are kept at a minim um hut are often taken from both the right- and the left-hand sides with equal confidence. There is also a greater use of the floor, for example, in the taking of Sam, Though the style developed in Bananas, it flourishes today from Bikinis. Aright Agrarian This avgas established by the Maharaja Charade Sings in the princely state of Aright in Chastiser in the early 20th century. The Maharaja invited many nunneries of Kathy (as well as famous percussionists) to his court, including Kale Parkas (the father of Cancan, Laugh and Shamble Maharaja) and his sons, and Paintball from Jasper agrarian. The confluence of different styles and artists created a unique environment for the development Of new Kathy and table compositions drawn from various backgrounds. Relationship with Other art forms elite Kathy Yoga See main article: Kathy Yoga Kathy Yoga is a technique created By Bandit Stitches Ads, and is not related to Yoga. The dancer has to recite the tall, sing a melody, and perform complex outwork and spins all within the same composition, and frequently with two or more of these elements occurring simultaneously.